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CD3 (immunology)
In immunology, the CD3 (cluster of differentiation 3) T-cell co-receptor is a protein complex and is composed of four distinct chains. In mammals, the complex contains a CD3γ chain, a CD3δ chain, and two CD3ε chains. These chains associate with a molecule known as the T-cell receptor (TCR) and the ζ-chain (zeta-chain) to generate an activation signal in T lymphocytes. The TCR, ζ-chain, and CD3 molecules together comprise the TCR complex.
==Structure==
The CD3γ, CD3δ, and CD3ε chains are highly related cell-surface proteins of the immunoglobulin superfamily containing a single extracellular immunoglobulin domain.
Containing aspartate residues, the transmembrane region of the CD3 chains is negatively charged, a characteristic that allows these chains to associate with the positively charged TCR chains.
The intracellular tails of the CD3 molecules contain a single conserved motif known as an ''immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif'' or ITAM for short, which is essential for the signaling capacity of the TCR.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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